Some of our tools include the breadboard itself, a DIN Jack, OP Amps, various colored wires, jumpers, potentiometers, resistors and capacitors.
First, we plug the DIN (Deutsches Institut für Normung) Jack into the breadboard and use wires to connect the prongs of the DIN to rails on the edge of the breadboard, establishing specific rails as having -12V, 0V, 5V and 12V (volts).
In the following picture, blue and black wires have directed the flow of electricity from the DIN (which is now plugged into an oscilloscope) to each rail. We test the voltage of the farthest rail, for example, (which should be +12V) by sticking one end of a wire into an open cell in the rail, and touching the other end with the probe...
... which measures the velocity and the osicllosope reads 12 above the dotted line (ground). Success!
We then incert two 10 KΩ (kilo Ohm) potentiometers (POT), which have three prongs, each alligning to an indivudual row. The first prong is connected by a wire to the +12 rail, and the third prong is wired to the -12V. By chooseing these two parameters, our potentiometer has a range of -12 to +12. The middle prong is at ground, or 0V, when the arrow pointer on the top of the blue POT is at neutral, which in this picture, appears pointing to the left (the farther of the two POTs in this picture is in neutral). The closer POT has been turned about 80 degrees from the neutral potition, giving the voltage flowing through the probe to the oscilloscope a charge around -6V.
Sometimes, if oscilloscope does not provide the reading we anticipate, but we are confident in our wiring on the breadboard, we can troubleshoot by auto-setting the probe, which produces this on the oscilloscope:
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